Credit: Tom Björklund, Science
This post is wildly off-topic, but it does deal with opportunities for diagnosis at a distance of millennia. Besides, it's an astonishing glimpse of what can be done with DNA analysis less than 70 years after DNA's structure was itself identified.
Via Nature Communications: A 5700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome from chewed birch pitch. The abstract:
The rise of ancient genomics has revolutionised our understanding of human prehistory but this work depends on the availability of suitable samples. Here we present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a 5700 year-old piece of chewed birch pitch from Denmark.
We sequence the human genome to an average depth of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the pitch was female and that she was genetically more closely related to western hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than hunter-gatherers from central Scandinavia. We also find that she likely had dark skin, dark brown hair and blue eyes.
In addition, we identify DNA fragments from several bacterial and viral taxa, including Epstein-Barr virus, as well as animal and plant DNA, which may have derived from a recent meal.
The results highlight the potential of chewed birch pitch as a source of ancient DNA.
